Kingtronics Blog

 Over-voltage transients often occur in electric circuit. Such abnormal voltages are often caused by lightning strikes,atmospheric lightning discharges,accidental contact between power and communications lines,unexpected rise in the supply voltages of the installation as a result of misoperation,and appearance of voltage higher than normal during switching operations.The over-voltage transients,if not properly taken care of, not only cause damage to delicate components such as semiconductors,ICs and others in the equipment,but also are highly dangerous to personnel.Thus,protection against over voltages is necessary for high reliability and long life of general electronic equipment.The better protection selection for the over-voltage transients is ceramic gas discharge tubes.

The Ceramic gas discharge tube is a switching component which is controlled by voltage.It is used to be parallel connected between the line and line of equipment,or between the line and the ground(show as the bottom figures).If the over-voltage doesn't reach GDT's action voltage,the ceramic gas discharge tube will be in high resistance status.If the over-voltage is higher than GDT's action voltage,the GDT's internal gap will then break down.The Ceramic gas discharge tube is almost short-circuit at this time and limits the over-voltage to almost 0 volt within 50ns,so the surge current can be led to ground rapidly and then the equipment can be protected safely.When the over-voltage disappears, the Ceramic gas discharge tube will extinguish and return to high insulation status,preparing for the next action.  

DC spark-over voltage：The voltage at which the ceramic gas discharge tube sparks over with gradully increasing DC voltage.

Impulse spark-over voltage: The highest voltage at which the ceramic gas discharge tube sparks over with given ware-shape at a rise speed 1000V/μs, and it is also called as “pulse voltage".

Holdover voltages : The maximum DC voltage across the terminals of a ceramic gas discharge tube under which it may be expected to clear and to return to the high impedance state after the passage of a surge, under specified circuit conditions.

Alternating discharge current : The r.m.s. value of an approximately sinusoidal alternating current passing through the ceramic gas discharge tube.

Impulse discharge current: The peak value of the impulse current passing through the ceramic gas discharge tube, and it is also called as pulse discharge current or surge discharge current, including 10/1000μs long-wave discharge current and 8/20μs short-wave discharge current.

Insulation resistance：DC resistance of the gas discharge tube under specified conditions. Test voltage must be lower than DC spark-over voltage.

Inter-electrode capacitance : The capacitance between any two electrodes in the gas discharge tube. Its value is mainly determined by the size of electrode and distance between electrodes. In addition, the capacitance is also related to the lead wire length, spacing and dielectric in the ceramic gas discharge tube.

Gas discharge tube generally uses ceramic as its packing housing. The discharge tube is filled with inert gases with stable electrical characteristics and provided with structure of two or three electrodes .When certain voltage is applied to inter-electrode of discharge tube, nonuniform electric field will be produced. Gases begin to ionize under the effect of electric field. When applied voltage reaches inter-electrode field intensity and exceeds the insulation strength of inert gas, the electric arc will be produced between the electrodes to ionize gas, and the negative resistance characteristic will be produced. 

Thus, the insulation state will be turned into conductive state immediately. i.e. when electric field strength exceeds the puncture strength of gas, the gap discharge will be caused, and inter-electrode voltage will be limited. That is to say, when there is no surge, it will be in the state of open circuit. When surge occurs, the electrode plates in the discharge tube close and connect，allowing harmful current to be discharged via ground wire or circuit loop. 

When surge disappears, the discharge tube restores to the state of high impedance rapidly, and the circuit continues to work properly.

Are you looking for a competitive product as a great beginning of 2018?
Welcome have a look at our KKT SMD 3mm chip ceramic trimmer capacitor.

**KKT SMD 3mm Chip Ceramic Trimmer Capacitor Features:
•      Low capacitance drift
•      High durability from vibration, dust, moisture and flux
•      Color coded case permits easy identification
•      Very good Q and high resonant frequency
•      Designed for reflow soldering.
•      Small size with external dimension of 3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T) mm

**KKT SMD 3mm Chip Ceramic Trimmer Capacitor Applications
•      Remote Keyless Entry System,Measuring Instrument
•      Car Alarm Remote Controller, Car Audio,Traffic Card Reader
•      Security System,Wireless Microphone
•      Cordless Phone,Wireless Repeater
•      Two-Way Radio Communication (FRS, GMRS, LMR)
•      TCXO, VCXO,RF Module,RFID,DVD

More information: http://www.kingtronics.com/pdf/KKT-SMD-3mm-Ceramic-Trimmer-Capacitor.pdf

Our production line are very tight and kindly remind that our factory will begin two weeks Chinese New Year holidays at the middle of February. Therefore, don’ be hesitate to send us any inquiry and advise forecast earlier, so that we can prepare and proceed your case.

Kingtronics team sincerely wish you and your family have a wonderful Chinese New Year in advance. 

We have stock of below KKT Surface Mount 3mm Ceramic Trimmer Capacitors, if you are interested, please free feel to contact with us.

KKT-306TR 30 000pcs
KKT-310TR 50 000pcs
KKT-320TR 40 000pcs

SMD 3mm Chip Ceramic Trimmer Capacitor KKT in other value are available too.

KKT-303TR 1.5pF – 3pF  Black
KKT-306TR 2.0pF – 6pF  Blue
KKT-310TR 3.0pF – 10pF Ivory
KKT-320TR 5.5pF – 20pF Pink 
KKT-330TR 8.0pF – 30pF Green

http://www.kingtronics.com/pdf/KKT-SMD-3mm-Ceramic-Trimmer-Capacitor.pdf

Here we would like to share the Surface Mount 3mm Ceramic Trimmer Capacitor Soldering guidance. Please refer recommended solder profile as below.
If the soldering conditions are not suitable, the trimmer capacitor may deviate from the specified performances characteristic.

Please use proper amount of solder.The amount of solder is critical. 
Insufficient amounts of solder can lead to insufficient soldering strength on the PCB. 
Excessive amounts of solder may cause the bridging between the terminals or the contact failure due to flux invasion into the movable part and contact area.
Do not use flow-soldering (dipping soldering)
Do not use inappropriate adhesives, such as bond and instant glue. It might penetrate into trimmer capacitor.
http://www.kingtronics.com/Ceramic-Trimmer-Capacitors/KKT-SMD-3mm-Ceramic-Trimmer-Capacitor.html

We, Kingtronics, have to say that we cannot be successful without every customer support. It’s always a great pleasure for us to serve your business. 

Instead of pricing, we’re more focusing on our quality for product, our service for your business. Whenever you give us your positive feedback, it’s worth for everything! ^^

However, dear valued customers, if you still have no idea to inquire our GKT- Aluminum electrolytic capacitor, please refer to below, there is simple feature of value for your reference, also could have datasheet via link.

Or, you could just send your requirements, let us check our best offer for directly!

Radial Type

**Standard Product
 GKT-GS 85C 2000H
 GKT-GT 105C 2000H

**Long Life
 GKT-GZ 105C 6000-10000H
 GKT-GR 105C 3000-6000H
 GKT-GL 105C 5000H
 GKT-GE 130C 5000H

**Long Life & Miniaturized
 GKT-GQ 105C 4000-10000H
 GKT-GD 105C 3000-6000H
 GKT-GF 105C 5000H

**Low Impedance
 GKT-GH 105C 2000H
 GKT-GW 105C 2000H
 GKT-GU 105C 3000H

Kingtronics surface mount 3mm Ceramic Trimmer Capacitor specification and characteristics.

 http://www.kingtronics.com/pdf/KKT-SMD-3mm-Ceramic-Trimmer-Capacitor.pdf

Kingtronics produce Special SMD 3mm Ceramic Trimmer Capacitors from 3.0pF to 30pF. Price is attractive.

Features
1. Small size with external dimension of 3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T) mm
2. Can be adjusted with conventional adjustment tools having a thickness of 0.5mm.
3. Designed for automatic placement in surface mount applications.
4. Heat resistant resin withstands reflow soldering temperatures

Applications
1. Compact radios
2. Stylus pen
3. Portable radio equipment
4. Hybrid ICs
5. Remote keyless entry systems

http://www.kingtronics.com/Ceramic-Trimmer-Capacitors/KKT-SMD-3mm-Ceramic-Trimmer-Capacitor.html